1. Knowledge of the characters
Words are written symbols used to record and convey the language.
The characters used in printing can be divided into words, fonts, font size and other contents.
1. Font
In the domestic printing industry, the characters mainly include Chinese characters, foreign characters, ethnic characters and so on. Chinese characters include song style, regular script, bold body and so on. The external text can be divided into white body and black body according to the thickness of the word, or according to the shape is divided into the formal body, italic, flower body and so on. Ethnic characters refer to the characters used by some ethnic minorities, such as Mongolian, Tibetan, Uygur, Korean and so on.
Song style: Song style character is the most widely used font in the printing industry. According to the different shapes of the characters, it is divided into book Song and newspaper Song. Song style is a kind of printing font used in the Song Dynasty. The shape of song characters is square, the strokes are horizontal and vertical, horizontal and vertical thick, angular, rigorous structure, neat and uniform, and have a strong regularity of strokes, so that people have a comfortable and eye-catching feeling when reading. In modern printing, it is mainly used in the body parts of books or newspapers.
Regular script: Regular script, also known as living body, is a kind of handwriting habit, the strokes are straight and uniform, regular shape, widely used in students' textbooks, popular books, comments and so on.
Black: bold, also known as square or isoform, is a square thick font, dignified shape, horizontal and vertical strokes, all the same thickness, and the structure is eye-catching and strict. Black body is suitable for the title or the bold language or comments that need attention, because the font is too strong, so it is not suitable for the typesetting text part.
Imitation Song style: imitation Song style is a kind of more delicate and straight font using the structure of Song style and regular script strokes. The strokes are uniform horizontal and vertical thickness, often used for typesetting subtitle, poetry essays, annotation, quotation, etc., which is also used for typesetting the text in some reading materials.
Art style: art style refers to some abnormal and special printing fonts, which are generally used to beautify the surface. The strokes and structure of the art body are generally some visualization, often used in the cover of books or pages of the title part, appropriate application, can effectively enhance the artistic taste of the printed matter. This kind of font variety is very wide, such as han ding, Wen Ding and other characters in the font.
2. Size
The font size is a measure to distinguish the size of the text. The international general system is the point system, while in the domestic system is the main number system, supplemented by the point system. Number system is the use of the multiple of several movable words as the standard, according to the double or half of the conversion relationship and its own system, can be divided into four word system, five word system, six word system. The smaller the nominal number of the font size, the larger the font, such as the fourth word is larger than the fifth word, and the fifth word is larger than the sixth word.
The point system, also known as the pound system (P), is measured by calculating the "point" value of the shape of the word. According to the provisions of the printing industry standard, the size of each point value of the font is equal to 0.35mm, and the error shall not exceed 0.005mm. For example, the fifth word into the point system is equal to 10.5 points, that is, 3.675mm. The external text is all calculated by points, each of about 1 / 72 inch, or equal to 0.35146mm.
The size of the font size is not only the size of the number system and the point system.mm is the unit of calculation, called "level (J or K)". Each level equals 0.25mm and 1mm equals level 4. The size of the text can be discharged from level 7 to 62, or from level 7 to 100. In the calculator lighting system, there is also a number system. When printing and typesetting, if the character is marked with the number, the value of the number must be converted into a series, in order to master the correct size of the character. The conversion relationship between the number and the series is:
1J=1K=0.25mm=0.714 points (P)
1 (P)=0.35mm=1.4 (J or K)
3. Layout design and typesetting specifications
The layout should be designed according to the requirements of the printing layout. Such as a case of book printed, production need to pay attention to the size of the book, the form of typesetting (horizontal or vertical), text font size, each line of each line of words, words and words and the gap between the line, the number of column and the number of each column, spacing between the column and column, page number and page put position, the position of the header and size, etc.
In text typesetting, but also pay attention to some forbidden rules, such as at the beginning of each paragraph to empty two characters, in the line can not row stop, comma, stop, semicolon, colon, question mark, exclamation mark, and quotation, brackets, title under the punctuation, on the row on the quotation marks, brackets, title, and the Chinese number such as ①②③, digital scores, year, chemical formula, number before the positive and negative sign, temperature identifier and monosyllabic foreign words, etc., should not be separated in the upper and lower two lines.
2. paper
Paper is one of the important contents that the pre-press staff need to pay attention to, which determines the wide range of finished printing products.
1, the composition of the paper
Paper is a material made of plant fiber into filler, glue, color and other ingredients into processing commission.
The raw materials of paper are mainly straw, bamboo, cotton and linen and available waste. Depending on the raw materials, the properties of the paper formed will also be different.
Filler is to increase the flexibility of paper, reduce the transparency and expansion of paper, and make the surface of the paper flat and uniform materials, such as general printing paper with talc powder, advanced paper with kaolin and barium sulfate. The use of filler should be appropriate, generally accounting for about 20% of the paper, too much will reduce the resistance and flexibility of the line tension, and will hinder the absorption of ink, resulting in the loss of powder when printing.
The adhesive material is to fill the small pores in the paper, in order to improve the water resistance of the paper, but also to improve the lustrity of the paper, strength and play a role in preventing the paper surface from playing wool. Commonly used glue are rosin, alum, starch and so on.
Color material is to enhance the purity of paper color, mostly use inorganic pigments or organic dyes.
2, the paper specifications
Paper can be divided into plate paper and roll paper according to the different printing uses. Plate paper is suitable for general printing press, and roll paper is generally used for high-speed rotary printing press.
The size of the paper is generally produced in accordance with the national standards. Printing, writing and drawing paper base paper size is: the roll paper width is 1575mm, 1092mm, 880mm, 787mm four kinds;
The base paper size of the flat plate paper is divided into six types: 880mmx1230mm, 850mmx1168mm, 880mmx1092mm, 787mmx1092mm, 787mmx960mm and 690mmx960mm.
The standard of book and magazine format and paper format size, the national regulation is to use 880mmx1230mm, 900mmx1280mm, 1000mmx1400mm uncut single paper size printing. Due to equipment, production, supply and other reasons, the original 787mmx1092mm, 850mmx1168mm size paper can still be used at present, but it should be noted that this size is the old standard format to be phased out, and the future paper size will be transferred to the new national standard.
In the coastal areas, because of the numerous foreign printing enterprises, many printing institutions are still widely using some old paper, the weight of the paper is expressed in quantitative and order weight. It is generally expressed by quantitative, that is, our daily commonly known as "gram heavy". Quantification refers to the mass relationship of the paper per unit area, as indicated by g / m2. For example, 150g of paper means that the single weight of each square meter of the paper is 150g. Any paper with a weight of less than 200g / m2 (including 200g / m2) is called "paper", and a weight of more than 200g / m2 is called "cardboard". Order weight refers to the total mass of each order (500 sheets for 1 order) paper, calculated in kg (kg). According to the quantification and format size of the paper, the order weight can be calculated by using the formula of order weight (kg) = paper size (m2) x500x quantification (g / m2).
Source: http://news.naliyin.com/
